assistive technology

ME Hoffman, R Abuatiq, K Bokowy, AL Fiss, J Looper, KM Steele (2026) “Up and down: analyzing physical activity and posture with wearable sensors during partial bodyweight supported play for young children with down syndrome”

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Journal Article in Developmental Neurorehabilitation

Children with Down syndrome commonly experience delays in motor milestones, such as pulling to stand and walking, due to musculoskeletal factors associated with DS like hypotonia and ligament laxity

Aim: Understanding how to support age-appropriate motor exploration while increasing movement, physical activity and upright time is essential for optimizing developmental and health outcomes in young children with Down syndrome. Open-area partial bodyweight support (PBWS) systems can help support motor development, but no study has objectively reported motor behavior changes, such as increased leg activity or time spent upright.  

Methods: This randomized, multisite crossover trial included children with Down syndrome who could sit independently but were not yet walking. Each child completed nine 30-minute play-based sessions with and without PBWS. Physical activity and posture were measured using shank-worn accelerometers, capturing the percentage of time spent in high physical activity and upright. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests compared outcome measures between PBWS and non-PBWS conditions.

Results: Fifteen children (mean age: 19.4 months, range: 12–31 months) completed study procedures. Across all participants, high physical activity did not noticeably increase from the first to last session. The median change was −5.0% (IQR: −13.4- +9.05%) with PBWS and −2.53% (IQR: −13.7- +12.9%) without PBWS. Time spent on feet showed a median increase of +2.38% with PBWS (IQR: −0.96 – +12.24) and a decrease of −1.08% without PBWS (IQR: −7.70 - + 1.02%). A statistically significant difference between conditions (p = .042) indicated greater improvements in time on feet during PBWS sessions versus without.

Interpretation: PBWS did not increase time spent in high physical activity, but did support increased upright posture over time. These findings suggest PBWS systems may provide a supportive environment for practicing upright postures in early motor development for children with Down syndrome.

(A) The enriched exploratory play space with the PBWS system (B) Actigraph GT3X+ triaxial accelerometers were placed on a child’s right shank. (C) This study used a randomized crossover study design. Nine children had PBWS assistance first, and 6 children second. Each intervention period lasted 3 weeks. (D) The accelerometers were used to calculate physical activity and upright posture.

HA Feldner, K Keithley, KA Ingraham, A Fragomeni, N Zaino, A Sinclair, AN Meltzoff, PK Kuhl, KM Steele (2026) “Learning powered mobility: caregiver perceptions of young children’s capabilities and device impact”

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Journal Article in Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology

Self-initiated mobility experiences are critical for young children with disabilities and may be augmented through powered mobility.

(A) A child participant driving the Permobil ® Explorer Mini (photo courtesy of the IMPACT Collaboratory). (B) Specifications of the Explorer Mini device.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to understand caregiver perceptions of powered mobility intervention following a 12-session trial of a novel powered mobility device.  

Methods: Ten caregivers (4 M/6F) of children with cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System IV-V) and other developmental disabilities (21.8 ± 5.9 months). Children participated in 12 in-lab driving sessions (exploratory or goal directed) using the Explorer Mini (Permobil AB, Sweden). Exit interviews were conducted with caregivers at the final visit, transcribed verbatim, coded inductively, and analysed until themes emerged.

Results: Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Changing views of capability and adaptability; (2) Emerging autonomy; new skills in and out of the device; (3) Clear need and benefit with some drawbacks; and (4) Lingering stigma and uncertainty 

Interpretation: PM trial positively shifted caregiver’s perceptions of both PM in general and their child’s capabilities, with a desire for greater access to PM at home to support development. These beliefs remained juxtaposed with lingering stigma for some caregivers about PM devices, and a stated desire for more modifiable PM options for children with different positioning or access needs.

World Congress of Biomechanics 2026

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  • Ally, Katie, and Mackenzie stand together after giving podium presentations. Ally stands to the left, and is wearing a brown sweater and has blonde hair. Katie stands in the middle, wearing a white shirt with grey suit jacket and has brown hair. Mackenzie stands to the right wearing a grey t-shirt and dark brown hair.
  • Kat and Mia stand with Elizabeth Condliffe and Erin Mannen. All women are wearing professional clothing and standing behind the presenter's table.
  • Mia stands to the right of a powerpoint slide during her presentation. The powerpoint slide depicts young children using mobility devices
  • Ally, Mackenzie, Mia, Ally, and Maddie stand on a beach at sunset.

Members of the lab road tripped to Vancouver, Canada for the World Congress of Biomechanics.

Dr. Kat Steele chaired multiple sessions and gave a presentation, “Evaluation and Optimization of Gait Dynamics Using Exoskeletons.” She and Dr. Mia Hoffman also co-hosted a special session, “Rigor, Repeatability, & FUN in Pediatric Biomechanics.”

PhD student Ally Clarke gave an oral presentation “Mediolateral Forces and Walking Stability in Children with Cerebral Palsy.” PhD student Mackenzie Pitts orally presented “Comparing Split Belt Treadmill Adaptation Rates Between Children with Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing Peers Using Bayesian Models.” Research Scientist Engineer Katie Landwehr-Prakel had her first oral presentation, discussing “Impacts of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation on Muscle Activity and Heart Rate Responses During Walker-Based Exoskeleton Use in Children With Cerebral Palsy.” Dr. Mia Hoffman gave two presentations: “Sit, Stand, Activate! Quantifying Muscle Activity During Mobility Aid Use in Young Children With Developmental Disabilities” and “Quantifying Play Interactions: Implementation of a Digital Switch-Accessible Play Kit for Young Children Receiving Early Intervention Services.” PhD student Maddie McCreary gave a poster presentation, “Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Amplitude on Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy.” Dr. Kat Steele was honored as a 2026 ASB fellow.

Successful road trip!

Congratulations – Alisha Bose receives Dennis Lang Award!

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Alisha has dark brown shoulder-length hair with bangs. She is wearing a navy blue sweater vest.

We’re thrilled to share that Alisha Bose, an undergraduate in the Neuromechanics & Mobility Lab, has been honored with the Dennis Lang Award from the University of Washington Disability Studies Program.

Alisha graduated with a degree in Human Centered Design & Engineering and a minor in Disability Studies, and this award recognizes her outstanding academic work and spirited commitment to the field. The Dennis Lang Award celebrates the legacy of Dennis Lang, a co-founder of the UW Disability Studies Program, whose dedication and service were instrumental in shaping the program and its community.

Alisha received a merit-based monetary award and was recognized at the Disability Studies convocation on June 5. She’ll be starting the Master of Information Management and Systems (MIMS) program at UC Berkeley this fall.

Congratulations, Alisha! Your work continues to inspire and advance the values of inclusion, equity, and excellence in disability studies.

Congratulations to Dr. Mia Hoffman – 2026 Graduate School Medal Recipient!

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Huge congratulations to Dr. Mia Hoffman, recipient of the University of Washington’s 2026 Graduate School Medal – awarded to doctoral graduates whose research and civic engagement drive real social change.

Mia’s dissertation grew out of a simple question: how could a toddler with cerebral palsy play alongside her sibling? That question led to the Switch Kit, a low-cost, customizable system that helps children with motor disabilities engage in play, co-designed with families, clinicians, and speech-language pathologists. Her leadership of HuskyADAPT helped bring adapted toys to families across Washington State.

Mia earned her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, co-advised by our own Dr. Kat Steele and Dr. Heather Feldner, and was also named to this year’s Husky 100. She’s headed to Ohio State for a postdoctoral fellowship, and eventually hopes to launch her own lab focused on mobility, accessibility, and play.

Congratulations, Dr. Hoffman – we can’t wait to see what’s next!

Read the full feature from the UW Graduate School.

Mia has long straight blonde hair and is wearing a white and black striped blazer on a balcony